If you're confused about the health effects of fats, you are not alone. You've probably read the headlines - fats are killing us! Then found claims they’re actually healthy in the same publication the following week.

Saturated fats have been touted as the worst of all.

While there’s ambiguity around other fat sources, saturated fats are universally demonized.

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In the third instalment of COVID Question Time, Professor Tim Spector answers more of your top questions sent in via the ZOE COVID Study app.

In this week's video:

00:00 - Intro

00:22 - What is the current sensitivity for lateral flow tests and are they as effective at detecting other variants such as the Indian variant? Anonymous

04:40 - My sons aged 20 & 21 received a first dose of AstraZeneca in March. Is there any way they could have a different 2nd vaccine as we are now worried about risk of clots? Beth & Boosters may be offered by the end of the year . Will it matter if we are given a different one from our vaccine? Anonymous

08:43 - Public Health England say AstraZeneca is 60% effective against infection by the Indian variant. Great but still leaves quite a risk? And is it 60% for all or less if obese/high risk? Caroline

11:55 - Can you show the current infection levels across the age bands and compare this with vaccine uptake percentages, to show if the link between has been broken. Anonymous

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Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out these diets' true impact on your health.

Today we’re talking about the carnivore diet, a zero-carb regimen centered on meat, fish, eggs, and minimal dairy, while excluding all plant foods and alcohol.

Advocates claim benefits in autoimmune conditions, type 2 diabetes, and weight loss, asserting that our ancestors thrived on this diet. However, this controversial diet does raise questions about nutrient deficiencies and excessive saturated fat intake.

In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they explore its purported advantages and drawbacks.

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Which COVID-19 vaccine should you take? Will you have the option to choose? And what's the difference between the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine vs. the Pfizer vaccine? Which COVID-19 vaccine is more effective?

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ZOE's technology uses the most advanced scientific lab tests to help you better understand your microbiome, blood sugar response and blood fat response. Once you've tested your body, our technology will give you a bespoke eating plan based on your metabolic health.

ZOE is based on years of independent science and research with scientists and researchers at Stanford, Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, King's College London and my more. The program uses cutting edge technology and AI to compare your metabolic profile to thousands of others, helping you to understand what makes your body different.

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As we age, it's seen as normal for our mental and physical health faculties to worsen as the years go by. But Dr Peter Attia thinks that is NOT the case.

Jonathan and Peter explore healthspan vs lifespan so you can find out how to stay young as you age.

Dr Peter Attia is a medical doctor and founder of the Early Medical Practice, a private clinic in America, which helps patients lengthen their lifespan while simultaneously improving their ‘healthspan’. He is also the author of the New York Times bestseller: Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity

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This week, Professor Emma Duncan from King's College London answers your questions on COVID vaccines and menstruation, and whether or not they can affect your cycle.

Please note, Emma advises that if you’re experiencing irregular bleeding or disruption to your periods for more than one or two cycles, you should talk about this with your GP. She also adds that anyone who has had a period (or bleed, of any duration) after 12 months without menstruation should see their GP, irrespective of whether this is a ‘one-off’ or a continuing problem.

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Tim looks back at all of the brilliant achievements from the ZOE Health Study over the last year, 2022. He reviews the major studies we ran in the app, including the blood pressure study, the Big Diet study and the Big IF Study and the key results we discovered.

He also looks at COVID rates across the year, how they've changed, and how the rates of non-COVID respiratory illnesses are currently well in the lead in terms of cases. Tim also gives a sneak peak into what to expect in 2023, and which exciting studies we have coming up in the ZOE Health Study.

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Menopause affects half of us, but there are still many unanswered questions. In today’s short episode, Jonathan and Sarah ask: What role does your diet play?

It's a condition that affects half the population, but there are countless unanswered questions about menopause. The symptoms vary significantly from person to person, including sleep problems, hot flashes, weight gain, and an increased risk of heart disease.

In one of the largest studies to date, ZOE researchers have uncovered a link between menopause and our diets — and this could hold the key to reducing the severity of menopause symptoms

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Tim looks at a brand new COVID treatment called Molnupiravir. This is a pill with a real potential to help reduce deaths and hospitalisations in patients with COVID, with initial results from the trial looking very promising. He discusses the mechanism behind how it works, as well as what the limitations are for a treatment like this.

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Our first paper on vaccines is published today in The Lancet Infectious Diseases!
Professor Tim Spector discusses the latest findings in the brilliant data from our ZOE app users, which has helped us give a positive insight into vaccine effectiveness and safety. Huge congratulations to the science teams at ZOE and King's College London

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Tim cautiously celebrates the end of most restrictions in England and offers his advice going forward. It's crucial to keep logging so we can continue to monitor and manage the risks as restrictions are eased.

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Recently, scientists working with ZOE published a fascinating peer-reviewed paper all about blue poop. (Yep, you read that right!)

As part of our PREDICT studies, we gave blue muffins to thousands of volunteers and discovered that the time it takes for food to travel through the gut (gut transit time) can tell us a lot about a person’s gut microbiome.

Now the most exciting part: You can test your own gut too! We've launched the #bluepoopchallenge for everyone to get insights into their own gut at home using the same blue muffins used in our research.

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Starting yet another restrictive diet this January? In our latest podcast episode, Stanford’s Professor Christopher Gardner joins ZOE co-founder and CEO Jonathan Wolf to discuss why, according to science, that diet probably won’t work.

As a leading expert behind pioneering research on personalized nutrition and a member of ZOE's Scientific Advisory Board, Christopher knows a thing or two about what to eat.

In this episode we cover:
• Why a new year’s diet might actually be bad for your health
• Why restriction is the enemy of long-term, sustainable health goals
• Why you should rethink calorie counting
• What to eat for a healthier gut
• What healthy eating in 2022 looks like according to science

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Biochemist Jessie Inchauspe gives surprising tips on how to beat sugar spikes around your breakfast routine.

Founder of the Glucose Goddess movement, she's helped hundreds of thousands of people improve their health by making cutting-edge science accessible.

Dr. Sarah Berry is one of the world's leading experts on human nutrition, who has personally run over 20 randomized clinical trials looking at how humans respond to different fats.

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Tim's back to wish everyone a very happy new year for 2022, and to give you a rundown of all of the incredible achievements this year thanks to your amazing reports and daily logging of symptoms, test results and vaccinations.

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Serotonin is known as the 'happy chemical' - 90% of it is made in the gut. So how can we feed our gut microbes to sustain our mood?

Jonathan talks with Professor Felice Jacka to try and find out.

Felice is Alfred Deakin Professor of Nutritional Psychiatry and the Director of the Food & Mood Centre at Deakin University in Australia. She is also the founder of the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research and the world’s leading researcher on the impact of food on the brain and mental health. And she is back on the show to delve deeper into the links betw

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Tim discusses the latest ZOE COVID Study analysis, which shows that one in five ZOE Study participants who tested positive for COVID didn’t go on to have detectable anti-N antibodies afterwards.

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This week, Tim answers your questions about how vaccines can help to protect against long COVID, as well as how effective the jabs are for those with a compromised immune system. He also discusses how previous infection protects against transmissibility.

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Your stomach is fine-tuned to deal with its acidic fluid, but the rest of your body isn’t quite as hardy.

The acid in your stomach is so powerful it can dissolve metal. Luckily, your stomach is fine-tuned to deal with its acidic fluid, but the rest of your body isn’t quite as hardy.

So, if acid escapes from your stomach and reaches your oesophagus, it can cause a painful sensation in the chest — this is heartburn. It isn’t rare, with more than 1 billion people suffering from it globally.

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The last decade saw a rise in gluten-free diets. But the number of us with diagnosed gluten intolerance each year hasn’t changed.

Eliminating gluten is the only treatment for those with celiac disease, but the rest of us could be doing more harm than good by embracing ultra-processed, gluten-free foods.

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In the first results update from the Big Poo Review, ZOE US Medical Director Dr Will Bulsiewicz brings you initial findings from the Big Poo Review survey, launched together with Channel 4's Steph's Packed Lunch.

He'll share which UK region poos the most, the differences between bowel habits of men and women, how frequently we're using the loo and what the most common type of poo is, among many other brilliant findings!

Each day this week, we’re examining one of the world’s most popular diets. Putting the latest scientific evidence under the microscope, we’ll find out the true impact of these diets on your health.

Today, we’re talking about the paleo diet, rooted in the idea of emulating our hunter-gatherer ancestors after concerns about the impact of a modern Westernized diet packed with highly processed foods.

However, the diet often involves consuming increased amounts of saturated fats, primarily from meat. This is associated with heightened cholesterol levels and heart disease risk.

In this special episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan is joined by Christopher Gardner, Professor of Medicine at Stanford University and the Director of Nutrition Studies at Stanford Prevention Research Center. Together, they dissect the diet’s potential benefits, pitfalls, and sustainability.

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Unfortunately, many of us spend our later years in poor health. But is this avoidable? And can we actually increase our healthy years?

While aging is inevitable, there are steps we can take to minimize its effects on our health. And surprisingly, some of these steps have nothing to do with exercise or diet. Simply spending time with others can provide countless benefits to us as we age.

But how can we maintain these connections? Does retirement affect our social interactions? And can attitude alone keep you healthier in your later years?

In today’s episode, one of the world’s top experts on aging, Prof. Rose Anne Kenny, joins us to explore these ideas.

Rose Anne is a world-leading geriatrician at Trinity College Dublin, where she leads a huge, long-term study on aging. She’s also the author of the number one international bestseller Age Proof: The New Science of Living a Longer and Healthier Life.

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In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, Jonathan and Will ask: Is lactose as dangerous as we’ve been led to believe?

Lactose is usually only discussed in the context of intolerance. This intolerance can make us feel bloated, gassy and uncomfortable. But from cow’s milk to yoghurt and even breast milk, lactose is everywhere! So, can it really be that bad for us?

In today’s short episode of ZOE Science & Nutrition, we’re joined by Dr Will B. to find out.

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