Science fiction has popularized asteroid mining and cities in the sky, but could the future of mining be in cloud cities hanging far above distant worlds?
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Chapters
0:00 Intro
02:08 Venus-like worlds
08:48 Titan Moons
12:38 Ice Giants / Hycean
17:23 Gas Giants
22:02 Starlifting
26:16 Stellar Remnants
27:15 Black Hole Series

Credits: Atmospheric Mining
Episode 413, September 21, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Editors:
David McFarlane
Konstantin Sokerin

Graphics:
Bryan Versteeg
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Kristijan Tavcar
Mafic Studios
Sergio Botero
Stephen Huck
Steve Bowers
Tristan3D

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth" "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johsnon, "So Many Stars"

Antimatter is vastly more dangerous than even nuclear weapons, but warm temperature superconductors may allow it to be weaponized into man-portable machineguns that fired nukes with each shot.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

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The cosmos seem silent and empty of any great interstellar empires, but perhaps they once existed, and if so, what titanic ruins might they have left behind?

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Credits:
The Fermi Paradox: Fallen Empires
Episode 412a, September 17, 2023
Produced, Written & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Jerry Guern
Konstantin Sokerin
David McFarlane

Graphics by:
Darth Biomech
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
LegionTech Studios
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "Between The Rings"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and...."

The China Brain thought problem suggests that if it is possible for a big enough computer to run an uploaded copy of a human mind, then a sufficiently large number of humans run calculations by hand could too. But if they did, would this represent a Hive Mind?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

They say space is the future, out among the countless billions and billions of new worlds in our galaxy, but a journey needs a path or road, so what sort of roads will we build in space?
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Credits: Interplanetary Infrastructure
Episode 412, September 14, 2023
Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Written by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Andy Nelson
David McFarlane
Merv Johnson
Phil Swan

Graphics:
Ian Long LITE
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Ken York
Mafic Studios
Phil Swan
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth" "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johsnon, "So Many Stars"

Recently the Mexican Congress was shown what appeared to be mummified alien-human hybrid remains.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Nukes are potent weapons, but they can be used as catalysts of even more lethal devices, from Bomb-Pumped Lasers to Casaba-Howitzers.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: SpaceResourcesCGI
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

To travel between the stars requires vast amounts of fuel and energy, but as it turns out, the ocean of night in deep space is full of fuel, if you can collect it along the way.

The Fishback ramjet revisited: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094576521005804

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Credits: Bussard Ramjet Starship Drive
Episode 411b, September 10, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

The Fermi Paradox looks at the apparent absence of Loud Alien Civilizations, and asks if instead there may be Quiet Aliens, but what are Loud & Quiet Aliens?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

We often dream of a future out in the galaxy, exploring and settling strange new worlds under the light of alien suns, but what would living in space truly be like?
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Chapters
0:00 Intro
05:55 Lighting
13:31 Gravity
23:42 Non-Human Life
27:26 Costs
30:19 Cultural
33:00 Social Dynamics

Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/living-in-space
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/living-in-space-narration-only

Credits:
Living in Space
Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur
Episode 411, September 7, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Briana Brownell
Merv Johnson
Shaun Moss
Donagh Broderick
David McFarlane
Konstantin Sokerin

Graphics by:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Ken York YD Visual
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth" "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johsnon, "So Many Stars"

Alpha Centauri may be the nearest star but how many more stars and planets are within 100 light years of us?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Astronomers constantly awe us with new exoplanets found around distant stars, but the news often proclaims these worlds Earth-like. Have we found any truly earth-like worlds yet?

Colonizing Red Dwarfs: https://youtu.be/Vr5Fap_RTu0

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Debate about the lethality of lightsabers sometimes asks if the blade, able to cut through metal in a slash, could be hot enough to burn even the water in a person's body.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Many millennia from now we may have journeyed out to colonize billions and billions of planets in our galaxy, but every journey has to start somewhere.

Sign the New Horizons Petition: https://chng.it/DPQ6cSWGk8

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Chapters
0:00 Intro
1:25 What Space Isn’t
5:20 Cost Per Flight
7:35 Politics & Bureaucracy
15:57 Earth Orbit
18:48 The Moon
21:48 Mars
25:02 Venus
26:23 Jupiter
28:13 Asteroids
30:31 Space Debris
31:35 Poll

Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/near-term-space-colonization
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/near-term-space-colonization-narration-only

Credits: Near Term Space Colonization
Episode 410, August 31, 2023
Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Written by:
Isaac Arthur
Jason Snyder

Editors:
David McFarlane

Graphics:
Mike Munt Apogii.uk
Bryan Versteeg
Fishy Tree
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Ken York
Mafic Studios
Phil Swan
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth" "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johsnon, "So Many Stars"

A starbooster is a megastructure designed for heating a cooler star to make it more sun-like and with a wider habitable zone for planets.

Orion's Arm Starbooster entry: https://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/47897efc7129a
To find out more about them and other megastructures, see the Megastructure Compendium: https://youtu.be/1xt13dn74wc
Making Suns: https://youtu.be/ShC63MiURrc

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics by: Steve Bowers
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

An Idiocracy is a type of government or civilization whose de facto leadership and citizenry are incompetent and stupid, and future technology might allow such civilizations to flourish.

Human Devolution: Morlocks & C.H.U.D.s

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

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Humanity has evolved in the face of much hardship and turmoil, and invented technologies to aid us, but could an end to hardships be our undoing and cause us to devolve?

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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/human-devolution-morlock-chuds
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/human-devolution-morlocks-chuds-narration-only

Credits:
Human Devolution: Morlocks & C.H.U.D.s
Episode 409, August 24, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Jerry Guern
Donagh Broderick
David McFarlane

Graphics:
Sergio Botero
Udo Schoeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"

The von Braun wheel is one of the best known early designs, incorporating spin-gravity via rotation and inspiring many variants in the last 80 years.

To find out more about them and other megastructures, see the Megastructure Compendium: https://youtu.be/1xt13dn74wc

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics by: Udo Schroeter
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Nuclear propulsion offer vast energy to run a spaceship but is hard to convert into efficient and high thrust... the Nuclear Lightbulb seeks to address that.

The Nuclear Option: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aBOhC1c6m8
The Advanced Spaceship Drive Compendium: https://youtu.be/ipQ1c6jTjIc

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

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Comets have awed, amazed, and even terrified humanity for thousands of years, with many believing they heralded the end of the world, but could they be the key to reaching and creating new worlds?

Sign the New Horizons Petition: https://chng.it/DPQ6cSWGk8
NSS Space Forum Registration: https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_7ZU_C6VHSkyoS91zVtPKkg#/registration

Visit our Website: http://www.isaacarthur.net
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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/comet-mining
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/comet-mining-narration-only

Credits:
Comet Mining
Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur
Episode 408, August 17, 2023

Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur

Graphics by:
Bryan Versteeg
Fishy Tree
Ian "LITE" Long
Jeremy Jozwik
Sergio Botero
SpaceResourceCGI
Udo Schroeter
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Between the Rings"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", Forgotten Stars"
Miguel Johsnon, "So Many Stars"
Taras Karkavyi, "Alpha and ..."

The Bernal Sphere is an immense spherical space habitat design and the inspiration for many habitats and space stations.

To find out more about them and other megastructures, see the Megastructure Compendium: https://youtu.be/1xt13dn74wc

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics by: Udo Schroeter, Neil Blevins https://artofsoulburn.artstation.com/albums/63277
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Go to https://brilliant.org/IsaacArthur/ to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription.
In the future we may deploy armies of cybernetic superhumans to fight our battles, people so augmented they could tear through walls or dodge bullets. But would these invincible warriors be willing to fight for mundane humans, or merely fight each other to rule us?

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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/cyborg-armies
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/cyborg-armies-narration-only

Credits:
Cyborg Armies
Episode 407a, August 13, 2023

Produced, Written & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
David McFarlane

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Markus Junnikkala, "We Roam the Stars"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "Between The Rings"
Miguel Johnson, "Far From Home", "So Many Stars"
Aerium, "Fifth Star of Aldebaran"

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Eons from now the last stars will be born, living trillions of years before they too fade out, and in the gathering darkness will come the final sunset on the last planet.

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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/the-last-planet
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/the-last-planet-narration-only

Credits:
The Last Planet August
Episode 407, August 10, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
David McFarlane
Lukas Konecny

Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
LegionTech Studios
Mafic Studios
Udo Schoeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars"

We often hear that our galaxy will collide with the Andromeda Galaxy, our nearest neighbor, but in reality this is just the biggest of many titanic galactic mergers to come.

Intergalactic Voyages: https://youtu.be/6aBfLA_g3og

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

To celebrate 750,000 subscribers we're taking a look at the benefits and disadvantages of settling and terraforming planets vs constructing megastructure space habitats

Watch my exclusive video on Retrocausality: https://nebula.tv/videos/isaacarthur-retrocausality
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Join Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/isaacarthur
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Listen or Download the audio of this episode from Soundcloud: Episode's Audio-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/planets-vs-megastructures
Episode's Narration-only version: https://soundcloud.com/isaac-arthur-148927746/planets-vs-megastructures-narration-only

Credits:
Planets vs Megastructures
Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur
Episode 406b, August 6, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur

Graphics by:
Bryan Versteeg
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Rapid Thrash
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator