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Beneath the surface of the Moon lie vast underground caverns, some of which are miles long and wider than football fields, and they may make for excellent settlement sites.

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Living In Lava Tubes
Episode 443; April 18, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Thousands of meteorites fall to Earth every year, but what are your odds one will strike you?

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We are fascinated by portals between worlds, gateways between stars, wormholes through the fabric of reality, but could these be real, and if so, what would the civilizations using them be like?
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Stargates
Episode 442a; April 14, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Donagh Broderick
Merv Johnson II

Graphics:
Ken York
Jeremy Jozwik
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup"

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Use Coupon Code ISAAC for 51% off any yearly premium subscription to World Anvil.
The galaxy is an immense and mysterious place we may one day explore and settle, but for now, we have only one planet, and the galaxy holds many dangers, so what can we do to defend Earth?

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Defending Earth
Episode 442; April 11, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Jon Dagle
Rod Pyle
Dale Skran

Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York
Mihail Yordanov
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars"

00:00 Intro
3:43 Development & Detection
6:04 Asteroids
16:30 Rogue Spaceship
19:12 Orbital Bombardment
21:05 Solar Flares & Coronal Mass Ejections
23:18 Supernova & GRB shield
27:47 Rogue Planet
30:20 Ejected Black hole
32:56 Von Neumann swarm
35:22 RKMs & Nicoll Dyson Beams
36:35 Alien Armada

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We often worry that the reason we hear nothing in our search for extraterrestrial intelligence is that travel to other stars is just too hard, but what if a civilization decides it’s just too dangerous to allow?

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The Fermi Paradox: The Cronus Scenarios
Episode 441; April 7, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Briana Brownell

Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Legiontech Studios
Mark O'Bannon
YD Visual
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"

Space offers a variety of clean and abundant sources of power, but how can we get them down to Earth? And which are safe and economical?
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Clean Energy From Space
Episode 441; April 4, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Dale Skran & Rod Pyle
Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Mafic Studios
Phil Swan
Real Courte
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

The famous canals of Mars are thought to indicate the Red Planet was once blue, billions of years ago, but could they be more recent?

One day humanity may settle countless worlds, but could any nation hope to govern multiple planets or even star systems?
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https://isdc.nss.org/volunteer-at-isdc/

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Multi-Planetary Empires
Episode 440a; March 31, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors:
Donagh Broderick
Briana Brownell

Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Mafic Studios
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

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Black Holes can swallow anything, even light, and small black holes made from light itself may offer us abundant clean energy and a pathway to the stars.

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Kugelblitz Black Holes
Episode 440; March 28, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

We often imagine Universes with more dimensions than ours... but could such places have planets and stars that life might live on?

While we sometimes imagine vast structures rising above the sky, it is possible to have equally vast structures hang down from the sky, and on world's whose atmospheres are far larger than earth's, this may be where people choose to live.

Graphics: Jeremy Jozwik, Katie Byrne

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Life is incredibly complicated, but for most of Earth’s history it was much simpler. Is it possible the Universe is full of planets with very simple life, and complex organisms are rare?

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The Fermi Paradox: Rare Complexity
Episode 439; March 21, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editor: Darius Said

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup"

Terms like Universe, Observable Universe, and Hubble Volume often get used interchangeably and explained in very technical terms, but simply put, what are they and how do they differ?

As ever more automation works its way into our legal system and courts, we must ask what challenges and advantages AI has in justice, and if AI will come to be our judge and jury.
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Automated Justice
Episode 438a; March 17, 2024
Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Written by: Isaac Arthur & Mark Warburton
Editors: Dillon Ollander & Konstantin Sokerin

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Frank Dorittke, "Morninglight"
Stellardrone, "A Moment of Stillness", "Blinking Star"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth",
Aerium, "Deiljocht"
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup", "Hydrogen Sonata"

Chapters
0:00 Intro
1:20 The justice system structure
03:46 Challenges
8:11 Sci-fi tropes
9:16 Current use of AI in law
10:52 Roles in the justice system
15:29 Expert role
17:24 Hearing role
18:17 Auditor Role
19:09 Where and how does AI fit in?
25:59 An example case
37:59 Analysis
42:43 Human judges
44:28 AGI

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The Red Planet beckons us toward it, and the day draws closer when humans will walk on its dusty surface, and the moons of Mars, Phobos & Deimos, may be our gateway to that future.

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Settling Mars: Phobos & Deimos
Episode 438; March 14, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Israel Debro
Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
LITE / Ian Long
Katie Byrne
Udo Schroeter
Sergio Botero

Music Courtesy of
Epic Mountain, "Wave", "Zero Gravity"
Frank Dorittke, "Morninglight"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..."
Ross Bugeden, "Interstellar"
Marcus Warner, "Dance of the River Spirits"
Stellardrone, "A Moment of Stillness", "Blinking Star", "Red Giant"

While rotating habitats provide spin-gravity, large ring or cylinder habitats may often be too big and resource-intensive for most smaller crews or habitats.

Graphics: Bryan Versteeg spacehabs.com

A look at the possible effects of alien food, drink, and microbes on us or our ecosystem.

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Alien Beer Is To Die For...
Episode 437a; March 10, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: Ken York YD Visual

Brown Dwarfs are a broad category of sub-stellar objects that are neither quite planets nor stars, but then, what are they?

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In the future we may be able to claim new worlds and forge them into paradises, but should we?

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Is Terraforming Planets Ethical
Episode 437; March 7, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Dillon Olander
Konstantin Sokerin

Graphics:
Jeremy Jozwik
Mafic Studios
Sergio Botero
YD Visual
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epic Mountain, "Wave", "Zero Gravity"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth"
Aerium, "Deiljocht"
Frank Dorittke, "Morninglight"

Inherited memory was a popular theory in the past, inspiring stories like Frank Herbert's Dune, but could it be possible with alien biologies or cybernetic civilizations, and what is it?

Music Courtesy of: Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Our world is ancient, but the Universe is far older. What were those first planets like, and how soon can life emerge on new ones?
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Credits:
Primordial Planets
Episode 436b; March 3, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Editors: Konstantin Sokerin

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field", "Cosmic Sunrise"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup", "Hydrogen Sonata"

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The vast gulfs between stars may take decades or even centuries to travel, requiring enormous generation ships carrying families and whole ecosystems with them. What will life be like on board such arks?

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Credits:
Life on an Interstellar Ark Ship
Episode 436; February 29, 2024
Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Graphics:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Legiontech Studios

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and ..."
Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars"
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup", "Hydrogen Sonata"

One approach to colonizing gas giants is to create a ring above them at the distance gravity is the desired level, such as Earth-normal.

Vacuum Trains and other low pressure rail & maglev systems offer the possibility of ultra-fast and ultra-cheap transport on and off of Earth.
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Credits:
Vacuum Trains
Episode 435a; February 25, 2024

Written, Produced
& Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Konstantin Sokerin
Merv Johnson II

Graphics:
Apogii.uk
Ian "LITE" Long
Jarred Eagley
Justin Dixon
Katie Byrne
Ken York
Phil Swan
Real Courte
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator