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The King And His Hawk adapted from the retelling by James Baldwin
Edits mystify which particular king it is referring to, interpolations that my brain added when reading somehow, fixes the issue I had with the fact that snakes are venomous but not poisonous, and cuts off before the lesson is spelled out so that the reader can come up with it themselves.

Rapunzel is afraid when Twitter brings her the news while she is locked in her room and it is the same as usual. She is living the 2020 lifestyle.

In which we discuss the American Election

The idea of kneeling ... you see slaughtering all those Tsarist troops you kept sending my way ... has left quite the cramp ... so kneeling will be hard.

There will be no glory in your sacrifice. I will erase even the memory of Makhnovia from the histories. Every piece of Ukrainian parchment shall be burned, and every literate ukrainian shall be starved to death. Why honoring the very name of Mahknovia or Nestor Mahkno will be punishable by death. The world will never even know you existed at all.

The world will know that free men stood against a tyrant, that few stood against many, and that before this battle was over that even a Trotskyist could bleed.

Did you ever hear the tragedy of Ethiopia the ancient?

I thought not, it isn't a story the Marxists would tell you.

It is an African legend. Ethiopia was an African empire so powerful and so adaptable that they could even use their faith to influence the world to supply them with technology from … the West.

They had such a knowledge of Modernization that they even believed they could keep their monarchy … from dying.

Communism is a pathway to many ideologies some consider to be unnatural.

They became so powerful … the only thing they were afraid of was ... losing their power, which eventually of course they did. Unfortunately, they taught their people everything they knew, then their people overthrew their emperor in a revolution.

Ironic, they could prevent others from conquering, but not themselves.

We try to stay on topic for this Brexit Day Special

VanDeGraph and Ibxtoycat Podcast

VanDeGraph and Ibxtoycat Podcast

The trending tab is a sponsored tab, Independent creators cannot monetize on current events while media companies can, and Videos youtube disagrees with are place in a limited access state. The "fast lanes" already exist and they came from those who said they would protect us.

If we are going to defend net neutrality, then we need to demand that neutrality be defended for all

The borders in the middle east are almost as complicated as the politics

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Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/vandegraph
Email List: http://eepurl.com/csi__f

The middle east's borders can be quite strange, but perhaps the most complicated are the borders between Oman and the United Arab Emirates, and between Egypt and Sudan.

Not only is the border between Oman and the United Arab Emirate complicated, its not even in a single piece! Bizzare! There is a piece of the united arab emirate inside a piece of oman that is itself inside the united arab emirates, making it one example of a strange phenomena called a second order enclave.

An enclave is when a part of a country is completely surrounded by another country, and with Oman and the United Arab Emirates there is an enclave which was another enclave inside it!

The large outer first order enclave that is owned by oman is called Madha, and the interior smaller second order enclave is called Nahwa.

Also noteworthy is the Musandam peninsula which is an exclave of Oman which strange because it is detached from the rest of the country.

Another weird situation is the Hala'ib triangle, which both egypt and Sudan claim, and Bir Tawil which neither egypt nor sudan claim.

This makes Bir Tawil one of the world's only Terra Nullius that is claimed by nobody.

Even stranger is how that situation came about, because at that time Sudan was owned by both Egypt and the British at the same time, all while Egypt was technically a part of the Ottoman Empire, but practically a part of the British Empire.

More Weird Borders

Weird Borders: State Borders of the United States of America
https://youtu.be/lXTEepNheVI

Weird Borders: Why Countries Have Pieces Detached
https://youtu.be/elybAzSVSHc

More Middle East

Mi

Here it is! Well it might be a much more complicated question than first thought.

The Near East and Far East were both terms which described
regions to the east of Europe in the 1800s. The far East described places like China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Indonesia, while the the near east refereed to the ottoman empire, which includes modern day turkey, iraq, syria and the rest of the levant.

The Middle East could therefore be somewhere in between, and starting in the 1900s it began to describe the area around the persian gulf, which was adjacent to the near east.

After the ottoman empire fell, the term middle east began to expand to encompass what had been known as the near east, but some people still used the term near east.

In the english languages the term middle east won because in world war 2 the British Army called their forces in the area the Middle East Command, while in other languages the term near east is still more popular.

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/vandegraph

Middle East Explained: https://youtu.be/0ZvYJmzvgLo

Spain Explained: https://youtu.be/sjoHOSFBgt8

The Middle East is at the center of everything, and is home to many ethnic groups which don't always get along.

The middle east is usually associated with muslims and arabs, but muslim arabs are only a part of the middle east. The middle east is also home to Turks, Persians, Kurds, Jews, Assyrians and many others.

Most of the countries of the middle east are muslim, but Israel is jewish, and Lebanon has a large christian minority. But islam is dividing into two main groups, the sunnis and the shias.

Shia muslims mostly live in Iran, southern Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, and Northern Yemen, while Sunni muslims are the most common muslims worldwide.

Iran and Saudi Arabia take advantage of the sunni-shia devide to claim spheres of influence in the middle east, and many conflicts split down sunni-shias lines, such as the Yemeni Civil War and the Iraqi Civil War and the Syrian Civil War

Not all muslims are arab though. Turkey and Iran are definitely not Arab and speak Turkish and Persian respectively. Most arabic speakers are arab, though many non-arabs who live near arabs speak arabic for convenience such as the Coptic Christians of Egypt and Maronite Christians of Lebanon, and the Alawites of Syria.

The President of Syria is a Shia Alawite even though the majority Syria is Sunni Arab, this contributes to tensions in the ongoing Syrian Civil War.

One sunni group fighting in the Syrian Civil War called Daesh or ISIS or ISIL decided to invade neighbouring Iraq and started the Iraqi Civil War and fought against the Shia Arabs, and the Kurds in iraqi Kurdistan.

More Videos:

Spain Explained: https://youtu.be/sjoHOSFBgt8

Why Countries Are Landlocked: https://youtu.be/YtYoLLQTLFQ

Spain is divided into autonomous communities, but don't call Spain a federation or else the Spanish Constitution will get mad at you!

The Autonomous Communities of Spain in the Iberian Peninsula are Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the Basque Country, Navarre, La Rioja, Aragon, Catalonia, Castile and Leon, Extremadura, Castile - La Mancha, Madrid, Valencia, Murcia, Andalusia.

Spain also controls the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean. One of the balearic islands is called Ibiza, which is a renown part destination.

Spain also controls the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean just off the coast of Morocco and the cities of Ceuta and Mellia in North Africa.

The Autonomous communities of Spain can sometimes have powers that even exceed states in federations, such as collecting the taxes instead of the central government doing it. As well some of the communities have distinct nationalities and languages such as Catalan, Galician, and Basque.

This situation arose because before the reconquista of the iberian peninsula, the northern christian kingdoms were separated and this allowed different languages to develop.

However, Spain is extremely careful to make sure its communities cannot federalize because it wants to remain an indivisible single state, and being a federation means its easier to separate it apart.

After spain transition to democracy the consitution said that autonomous communities could form with the choice of some powers in a list. This is similar to a federation, but important distinctions is that the communities have no say in reforming the constitution, the consitution itself does not establish or give these powers to the communities and is instead done by a statute of autonomy which is legislation from the central Spanish government.

Russian Federation Explained: https://youtu.be/qVoHAyEwhBc

Andorra Explained: https://youtu.be/cFWl5xkKjG0

Ever wondered why Michigan has two pieces? How about why Alaska isn't connected to the rest of the United States?

The state borders are a lot weirder than they first appear, and often simple river borders will have crazy zig-zags that seem to arbitrarily cross the river.

When rivers shape, borders don't, leaving states with strange pieces on the wrong side of the river.

Some states like Oklahoma and West Virgina have bizarre panhandles, and Kentucky even has a part cut off my Missouri. Its a strange border situation called an exclave, which is when a part of a the state is only reachable by land through other states or countries.

Virginia also has the eastern shore which is strangley is on the other side of the Chesapeake bay.

Other bizarre borders include New York and New Jersey, where Liberty island and Ellis island are weirdly part of New York but are surrounded by New Jersey waters. Even stranger is that New York only owns a small peice of ellis island. The island was expanded, but the new land was over New Jersey borders, so it stayed new jersey. Leaving New York with a bizzare enclave on an new jersey island.

Another weird border is that Delaware has some land on New Jersey's side of the Delaware river. This strange situation is because inside Delaware's 12 mile circle, the border is the high water mark of the river, so when the river was filled in the new land became Delaware.

Music:

Star Spangled Banner - American National Anthem
When Johnny Comes Marching Home - Civil War Song
America the Beautiful - 'Murica

Weird Borders: Why countries have pieces detached: https://youtu.be/elybAzSVSHc

Why countries are landlocked: https://youtu.be/YtYoLLQTLFQ

Andorra is a Co-Principality on the border of France and Spain. That means Andorra is ruled by two different Princes.

The princes are the President of France and the Bishop of the Diocese of Urgell in Spain.

A Principality is a monarchy, like a kingdom, but instead of being ruled by a king, a principality is rules by a prince. The title of prince is unrelated to be the child of a king, and is instead just a lower ranking title on the feudal ladder, but principalities are sovereign countries like any other.

Andorra as a country is a relic of feudalism and a time when the catholic church would have lots of influence over the lands of europe. The Bishop of Urgell took control of Andorra in Medieval Times but required help in protecting it, so he enlisted the help of local feudal lords. Eventually Andorra was turned into a Principality with two co-equal princes, the Bishop of Urgell and the feudal Lord that protected it.

As is the case with Feudalism, this responsibility was passed around to different feudal lords such as the count of Foix, the King of Navarre, and finally the king of France, who, because of Feudalism, was also the Count of Foix and King of Navarre and the prince of Andorra.

During the French Revolution, the new Republic of France renounced its right to a co-princehood of Andorra because they were against the feudalism that made the co-principality of Andorra exist.

However, Napoleon restored the title to himself. Since them the head of state of France has always been one of the two princes, and the other one always being the Bishop of Urgell.

This lead to the awkward situation of the President of France being a feudal lord. In 1993, Andorra adopted a modern constitution which ended feudalism and made Andorra a constitutional monarchy, albeit a weird one where it has two princes, one being the head of state of another country and the other being a bishop.

Thanks to M-Ray Usa for helping with

Why are some countries landlocked? In the case of Bolivia its because they lost a war with Chile.

Ethiopia and Serbia granted independence to the parts of their countries that had a coast.

Some countries like uzbekistan, are so far inland that they are doubly landlocked, which means they are both landlocked and completely surrounded by other landlocked countries.

When a country is landlocked it can be difficult for them to trade, and they often have to rely on their neighbours. In Europe, the danube river lets many landlocked countries have some access to the black sea. As well, many canals exist which lets small ships travel deep inland, providing some of the benefits of having a coast.

Some countries may look landlocked, but when viewed closely you can see they have tiny coasts. You can watch this video I made which explores the weird borders in those situations:

https://youtu.be/elybAzSVSHc

Russia is the largest country in the world. To help run its vast lands it requires a complicated set of Federal Subjects that include Oblasts, Krais, Republics, Federal Cities, Autonomous Okrugs, and an Autonomous Oblast.

These Federal Subjects of Russia are not all the same, and since Russia is an asymmetric federation, some of the subjects have more powers than others.

The federal subjects of Russia explained:

Oblasts, Krais, and Federal Cities are average Federal subjects, having the right to their own legislatures, while Republics,

Autonomous Okrugs, and the Autonomous Oblast are meant to provide additional rights to Russia’s minorities.

Republics get their own constitutions and official language status, while the Autonomous Okrugs and Oblast get some language rights. Additionally Autonomous Okrugs can, but not always, be divisions of other federal subjects.

The difference between Oblasts and Krais is just a historic one where Krais were once the frontiers of Russia. The federal cities are like oblasts but they only have 1 city in them.

The jewish autonomous oblast is perhaps the weirdest federal subject of Russia, since less than 1% of its population is jewish and its existence is a leftover from the soviet era.

Kaliningrad Oblast is an exclave of Russia, completely detached from the rest. You can learn why Russia and other countries have exclaves in this video:

https://youtu.be/elybAzSVSHc

You can learn why Crimea and Istanbul are so important to Russia in this video:

https://youtu.be/uxWdmi4vsaU

Music:

Instrumental Russian National Anthem

From Russia With Love - Huma-Huma

Ever wondered why a part of Russia is detached from the rest?

There are a lot of weird borders in the world, and often the reason is that a country wanted access to the sea and fight like crazy to get it.

They ignore any reasonable boundary between countries in exchange for a bizarre panhandle, or sometimes even cutting off parts of other countries to create a strange border situation called enclaves, which is when a part of a country is only reachable by land through other countries.

This video goes over 3 bizarre border situations including why Russia has an the kaliningrad exclave, which is a result of a chain of events in world war 1 and world war 2 in which germany had a strange border where east prussia was an exclave cut off by the danzig corridor, which actually led to world war 2.

There is also Angola's exclave of Cabinda cut off by the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This weird border is a by product of the scramble for Africa.

Finally there is Croatia, which looks like it is taking all of Bosnia and Herzegovina's coastline until you look closely and notice a strange border strip which gives Bosnia ad Herzegovina a 20 kilometer coastline and detaches a piece of croatia. This weird border is a quirk of history, where the land in the balkans changed hands multiple times.

Two Corrections: Poland was RE-created after ww1 as it was previously occupied by Germany and Russia. Also the video is a bit vague on who started ww2. It was Germany. As well Danzig is used as the name for the city of Gdansk because that is what it was at the time.

Thanks to the Noun Project for the Oil Rigs: https://thenounproject.com/

Why I think Istanbul Is The Most Strategically Important City in the World: https://youtu.be/uxWdmi4vsaU

Why Toy Channels Get Crazy Numbers of Views: https://youtu.be/m0Q5jO8I59w

Why Spanish Speaking Youtubers Are Taking Over Youtube: https://youtu.be/hfDHkH8QZbQ

Spanish Speaking Youtubers are growing rapidly and they may just be the only ones who can surpass PewDiePie.

The top 10 youtubers in the world are:

PewDiePie - 49.0 M
Hola Soy German - 29.9 M
Smosh - 22.4 M
ElrubiusOMG - 21.4 M
VanossGaming - 19.0 M
NigaHiga - 18.6 M
Fernanfloo - 16.6 M
JennaMarbles - 16.6 M
Yuya - 16.4 M
VEGETTA777 - 15.9 M

Hola Soy German, ElrubiusOmg, Fernanfloo, Yuya, and VEGETTA777 are all Spanish speaking youtubers and they are some of the fastest growing channels.

Fernanfloo in particular is the fastest growing youtuber, growing faster than even PewDiePie.

While they have the potential to have more subscribers than PewDiePie, closing the substantial lead PewDiePie has accumulated won't be easy, but the Spanish speaking youtubers have many demographic advantages that means they could surpass PewDiePie in the future.

I will eventually write an article expanding on this video to include other languages including Portuguese, please leave any questions you would like answered in the comments.

Why Toy Channels Get So Many Views Explained: https://youtu.be/m0Q5jO8I59w

Istanbul is the most strategically important city in the world. It's located on one of the busiest waterways in the world, the Bosporus straight, which links the Black Sea with the Mediterranean, and a land route between Europe and Asia.

Notes about the names of Istanbul:

During the Ottoman Empire, the people of the city would call it Istanbul, while the government still referred to the city as the Turkish variant of Constantinople. The city's official name was not changed to Istanbul until Turkey became a republic.

Byzantium was refereed to as the New Rome until after emperor Constantine's death, when it became Constantinople.

Links:

Extra History:

Justinian and Theodora: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_2E0RxVHH4&list=PLEb6sGT7oD8HLpPQ0N4UTmTtPlpXfJias&ab_channel=ExtraCredits

The First Crusade: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIs5B2U7US0&list=PLEb6sGT7oD8HbI-6NTBomKb8eD1mXSgKd&ab_channel=ExtraCredits

Suleiman The Magnificent: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGZSkLq3Eng&list=PLEb6sGT7oD8HFRP3wjW62qtm9m61vTKRK&ab_channel=ExtraCredits

Crash Course:

Byzantine Empire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PszVWZNWVA&ab_channel=CrashCourse

Crusades: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zudTQelzI&ab_channel=CrashCourse

Ottoman Empire: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UN-II_jBzzo&ab_channel=CrashCourse

Toy Unboxings and other kid videos like Nursery Rhymes like the Finger Family or live action skits with characters such as Elsa and Spiderman are a very weird class of videos on youtube. They can sometimes get hundreds of millions of views and it seems pretty baffling, but even this phenomena can be explained.

Some channels that are really successful and get billions of views are Ryan ToysReview, LittleBabyBum, Toy Monster, Toy Freaks, and Masha and the Bear.

These channels are getting billions of views spread out among there many videos, many of which are pretty indistinguishable from one another. Their best videos get hundreds of millions of views, but often there are so many dislikes on these videos.

In order to understand why kid videos get so many views you need to realize that there are millions of kids on youtube swiping around randomly and they don't use the website like adults. They will click things by accident and have short attention spans which means they click on even more videos than adults.

In the video I go over much of the data I collected which confirms that kid views last much less time than regular views, and I also expose the fact that these toy channels are doing the best on youtube since they are the channels gaining the most amount of views per month, even more than channels with lots of subscribers.

If you are looking to start a toy channel for some reason, this video could also be for you since I go into what makes a toy channel successful and how you could get the youtube algorithms to work for you. This was not the purpose of the video but while making it I realized that some of this could be good advice for running a toy channel.

If you've ever wondered why do toy videos get so many views then this is the video for you.

Article I wrote an article that covers stuff I left out of the video:

https://medium.com/@vandegraph/why-toy-videos-get-hundreds-of-millions-of-views-on-y

What is the difference between Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area? Is San Francisco a city or a county? Where in the Bay Area are the headquarters of the largest tech companies in the world?

This video explains the difference between San Francisco, Silicon Valley, and the Bay Area, gives brief overview of the history of Silicon Valley and how it came to dominate the tech industry, and gives you a tour of the Bay Area along with the companies headquartered there.

Image Credits:

Golden Gate Bridge: Rich Niewiroski Jr. - http://www.projectrich.com/gallery
Bay Bridge: Leonard G
San Francisco Skyline along Market Street from Twin Peaks: Vincent Bloch
San Francisco Street Map: Peter Fitzgerald, OpenStreetMap
Government Levels Responsibilities Sprites: Freeciv
Golden Gate Bridge driving away from SF: Weegee010
California Central Valley: LTSLTS
SV Family Tree/ Fairchildren graphic: IEEE Spectrum Magazine, October 2007
San Francisco Bay Area County Maps: Wikipedia Community
California Counties Map: Wikipedia Community
Map of North America: NuclearVacuum

Links for mobile users:

CGP Grey video which talks about Cities, Counties, and Incorporated vs Unincorporated places: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=naDCCW5TSpU

Crash Course Government video on the separation of powers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0gosGXSgsI

Moore's Law: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtI5wRyHpTg

Numberphile: https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile

The difference between UK, GB, and England Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10

10 Funny Trolley Problems (On my other channel): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yywd3bXfYAg

Why is San Francisco so expensive?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAlA4hZ94OI

Mistakes:

Moore's first name is Gordon, not George
Lucasfilms moved to San Francisco in 2005, but much of the operation remains in Marin
Pronounciation

Collatz Conjecture is the conjecture that all numbers will eventually reach one if they are put through a repetitive algorithm where if the number is even you cut it in half, and it is odd, triple it and add one.

Despite being a relatively simple algorithm, it has never been proven to be true, despite all numbers being tested eventually reaching one.

The numbers have a tendency to follow a hailstone pattern where they rise and fall for seemingly no reason. It may seem random, but it is actually chaotic, where you can't predict where the numbers go by approximating but you can predict them one at a time exactly.

Monty Hall Problem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SG9mAiGUdJE

Why Istanbul is the Most Strategically Important City In The World: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxWdmi4vsaU

Why Toy Videos get so many views: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0Q5jO8I59w

The trolley problem is a thought experiment where you are asked if you would pull a switch to divert a trolley away from five people with the catch that now the trolley is heading for one person who would have been spared if you had done nothing.

It is a classic problem for philosophy classes, but in recent times people have begun making fun of it my making convoluted and humourus versions of the trolley problem. In this video there are ten of them, and some of them are pretty insane.

If you subscribe to utilitarianism, then saving the most lives is your primary concern, but utilitarianism is not the only mindset and some people have different opinions on what should be done.

Trolley Problem: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_problem

Utilitarianism: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

Math Jokes:

Collatz Conjecture Chaos: https://youtu.be/GhURS5Pscyg

Collatz Conjecture by Numberphile: https://youtu.be/5mFpVDpKX70

Monty Hall Problem

Game Theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbX6-iNp3-Q

Me: https://youtu.be/SG9mAiGUdJE

Prisoner's Dilemma

Brain Craft: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1KU7i5hpM8

Grandfather Paradox by Minute Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XayNKY944lY

More funny trolley problem (Some of which are the origins to the ones in the video):

http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/lesser-known-trolley-problem-variations

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Created 6 years, 7 months ago.

24 videos

Category Education

I talk over maps