Get the book here: https://amzn.to/2WNwmo8
Socratic logic: A Logic Text Using Socratic Method, Platonic Questions, and Aristotelian Principles
By Dr. Peter Kreeft
Section 4. All of logic in two pages: an overview
This is the shortest and simples…
Get the book here: https://amzn.to/2WNwmo8
Socratic logic: A Logic Text Using Socratic Method, Platonic Questions, and Aristotelian Principles
By Dr. Peter Kreeft
Section 4. All of logic in two pages: an overview
This is the shortest and simplest sections in this book, but is also one of the most important, for it is the foundation for everything else in logic. If you do not understand it clearly, you will be hopelessly confused later on.
Man = Rational Animal
To be human is to reason, to give reasons for believing things to be true.
Logic studies the structures of human reasoning.
The fundamental structure of all reasoning is the movement of the mind from premises to conclusion.
* Conclusion: What you are trying to prove to be true
* Premises: The reasons or evidence for the truth of the conclusion
There are two kinds of reasoning: Inductive & deductive
1. Inductive reasons from particular premises usually to a more general or universal conclusion
* Yields only probability when correct
2. Deductive reasons from at least one general, or universal premise usually to a more particular conclusion
* Yields certainty when correct
Three Check Points of any deductive argument:
1. First, all the terms must be clear and unambiguous
2. Second, all the premises must be true
3. Third, the argument must be logically valid
1. Terms: A term in logic is the subject or the predicate of a proposition (declarative sentence).
* Terms are either clear or unclear
2. Propositions: Propositions are declarative sentences made from terms.
* Propositions are either true or false
3. Arguments: Made from propositions (premises and conclusion) and is determined by logic.
* Valid if its conclusion necessarily follows from its premises
* Invalid if it does not
Logic is the study of common sense: Logic does nothing more than make explicit the rules everyone knows innately by common sense.
3 questions you should habitually ask yourself when writing or speaking..
