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A corresponding essay can be found here: http://premieretat.com/platos-republic-books-9-10-the-triumph-of-virtue/
In this video, we conclude our discussion of the Republic by setting forth Socrates closing arguments, recounted in Books 9 and 10, that Justice is an intrinsic good. His first argument consists of a straightforward comparison of the lives of the just and unjust given what we have learned about them earlier in the dialogue. He observes that the just person, ruled by reason, will be happy, and that even the spirited and appetitive desires of such a person will be as fulfilled as they can be. The unjust person, in contrast, is miserable, with his better elements enslaved to his worse. And things will become even more unbearable if this person succeeds in becoming an actual tyrant.
The second argument concerns who is best suited to adjudicate between the various courses of life on offer. Suppose there are three types of individuals each in whom a different part of the soul dominates. The philosophical type would be ruled by reason, the spirited type by spirit, and the carnal type by appetite. Each type of life will have its own type of pleasures: participating in the eternal, honor and victory, and bodily pleasures. Socrates argues that the philosopher is in the best position to judge between these options, since the philosopher alone has experienced all three types of pleasure and is trained in reason and logic.
The third argument concerns the qualitative nature of the pleasures in question. Socrates argues that pleasures of the body and even of the spirited element are mere shadow pleasures, and that true pleasure is possessed by the mind alone.
Socrates then concludes with an illustration. He compares human nature to three different creatures disguising themselves in a human shape. A multiheaded beast, with some monstrous heads and some of domestic animals, corresponds to the appetitive element. A lion corresponds to the spirited element. And a human to the rational element. Now, the person who recommends a life of injustice would be suggesting that the human element be fed to the beasts, and that the three should hate and maul each other incessantly. The person who recommends the just life, in contrast, says that the human part should rule and tend to the multiheaded beast, caring for the gentle heads and preventing the savage ones from growing. He would make the lion his friend, and in general, live in harmony with all three elements.
After thus concluding that justice is an intrinsic good, he then goes on to point out its extrinsic rewards. He notes that the just do, indeed, flourish in the world, and then recounts his famous Myth of Er to show that they are also rewarded after death.
The images used in this video are either in the public domain, designed by me, or memes created on imgflip. Images can be found here:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Minerve_chassant_les_Vices_du_jardin_des_Vertus,_Mantegna_(Louvre_INV_371)_02.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DVinfernoLuciferKingOfHell_m.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Francisco_de_Goya,_Saturno_devorando_a_su_hijo_(1819-1823).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_(1805-1807).jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Giovanni_Bellini_-_Saint_Francis_in_the_Desert_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_Smyrna_Louvre_Ma13.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Triumph_of_Death_by_Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deer_hunt_mosaic_from_Pella.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gustave_Moreau_003.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Luxor_Sekhmet_New_Kingdom.JPG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botticelli-primavera.jpg
Photo by RUN 4 FFWPU from Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-running-on-road-3039888/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Blake_Richmond_-_Venus_and_Anchises_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ptolemaicsystem-small.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo,_Giudizio_Universale_24.jpg
https://unsplash.com/photos/ezr0qZPz2cc Photo by Marin Tulard on Unsplash
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stefan_Lochner_-_Last_Judgement_-_circa_1435.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michelangelo,_Giudizio_Universale_29.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stefan_Lochner_Madonna_im_Rosenhag.jpg
