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In the past, we had entire civilizations devoted to agriculture, but in the future, we might have entire planets devoted to it.

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Credits: Agriworlds
Episode 423; November 30, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Graphics by:
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Ken York/YD Visual
Steve Bowers
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..."

Terraforming is a long process, by beginning in existing canyons & craters, a new settlement can more easily and safely begin the process.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics & Concept Credit: Wesley Bruce / Orion's Arm: https://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/51f7d32f54b72
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

In order to survive and thrive in space, we have to be able to create and maintain clean and comfortable living spaces, and remain vigilant nothing disease or virus reaches Earth.

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Credits: Space Hygiene
Episode 422a; November 26, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur

Graphics: Jeremy Jozwik, NASA, ESA, CSA
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Try Cell to Singularity, free to play: https://l.linklyhq.com/l/1uNoF
Among the billions and billions of planets and moons in this galaxy, we may encounter many examples of double planets, but what would they be like and could life arise on them?

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Credits: Double Planets
Episode 422; November 23, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Graphics by:
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "The Divine Cosmos"
Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars", Strange New World"

0:00 Intro
3:59 Origins
8:35 Tidal Friction & Locking
14:32 Double Earth
16:49 Air Bridge
19:13 Physical Bridge
20:05 Roche world
23:43 Klemplerer Rosette

Many worry that Earth may have reveal ourselves to hostile alien empires by transmitting signals, but is it already too late?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Mars gets little sunlight, but we may be able to warm the Red Planet by using orbital mirrors to shine more sunlight down on Martian bases.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

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Visions of a settled Mars always seem to have vast domes, but is a future on the Red Planet a domed one? And how should they be built?

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New World's Space Cowboy Ball: https://newworlds.space/

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Credits: Domes Of Mars
Episode 421; November 16, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Donagh Broderick
Konstantin Sokerin

Graphics by:
Bryan Versteeg
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Rapid Thrash
Sergio Botero
Steve Bowers

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "The Divine Cosmos"

Zombie Stars are the possible remnants of failed Type 1ax Supernovae from too rapidly absorbing mass, leaving a remnant of heavier matter behind.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Try Cell to Singularity, free to play: https://l.linklyhq.com/l/1uNoF
As we search the heavens for signs of alien life, is it possible that the easiest place to find aliens is to look in the mirror?

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Credits: Human Aliens
Episode 420a; November 12, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Donagh Broderick

Graphics by:
Ken York YD Visual
Legiontech Studios

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Martin Rezny, "Lifelight"
Stellardrone, "A Moment of Stillness", "Cosmic Sunrise", "Red Giant"
Aerium, "Fifth Star of Aldebaran"
Miguel Johnson, "Strange New World", "Night Forever"

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In the grand theater of the cosmos, amidst a myriad of distant suns and ancient galaxies, the Fermi Paradox presents a haunting silence, where a cacophony of alien conversations should exist. Where is Everyone? Or are we alone?

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Credits:
The Fermi Paradox Compendium of Solutions & Terms
Episode 420; November 9, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Editors: Donagh Broderick

Graphics by:
Darth Biomech
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Ken York YD Visual
Legiontech Studios
Sergio Botero
Tactical Blob
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Markus Junnikkala, "Memory of Earth"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Miguel Johnson, "The Explorers", "Strange New World"
Aerium, "Fifth star of Aldebaran", "Windmill Forests", "Deiljocht"
Lombus, "Cosmic Soup"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..."

0:00:00 Intro
0:02:49 Solutions & Filters
0:10:13 Aestivation Hypothesis
0:12:06 Aliens Common But Unrecognizable
0:14:18 Aliens Used To Visit Earth
0:16:50 Ancient Aliens
0:18:47 Anthropic Principle
0:21:07 Ascension
0:22:12 Asteroid Impacts
0:23:33 Asymptotic Burnout
0:25:53 Audio Raycon
0:27:16 Aurora Effect
0:29:56 Axial Tilt
0:31:35 Berserkers & Hibernating Monsters
0:33:05 Black Hole Farming
0:34:50 Boltzmann Brain
0:35:59 Carbon & Nitrogen Ratios
0:39:05 Colonizing Is Too Dangerous
0:40:48 Colonizing Is Too Hard
0:42:19..

Science fiction often shows ships running into black holes unnoticed, but how many black holes are even in this galaxy?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

The Moon is the nearest body to us, and we wish to settle it, but could it ever have air and open skies?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Throughout history it has been common for distant colonies to break away from their homeland. In a future where colonies are entire planets and light years from home, shall history repeat itself?
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Credits: Rebel Space Colonies
Episode 419; November 2, 2023

Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Graphics by:
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Legiontech Studios
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"
Taras Harkavyi, "Alpha and..."

We search for biosignatures and technosignatures, signs of life or civilizations, but should we be searching for signs of civilizations or worlds being destroyed?

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Our monthly livestream Q&A session. Join us on October 29, 2023, at 4pm EST, Sunday, and get your questions about the channel and episodes on chat to be answered!

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Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Learn more about the game and see it in action at https://upperstory.com/spintronics/
Use the coupon code ISAACARTHUR for 10% off your total purchase
In some of our greatest wars on this world we have seen entire regions covered in fortifications, but in great wars across whole regions of our galaxy, could we see entire planets fortified?

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Credits: Fortress Worlds
Episode 418; October 26, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Graphics by:
Apogii.uk
Darth Biomech
Fishy Tree
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York YD Visual
Legiontech Studios
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Markus Junnikkala, "Hail The Victorious Dead"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"

The Banks Orbital is an enormous space habitat with hundreds of times more living area than a normal planet.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: Steve Bowers
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

Bishop Ring Space Habitat is a continent-class space habitat design larger than a country that might house billions or an entire continent's ecosystem

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: Steve Bowers
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

As medical science improves and lifespans rise, we must consider not only if life extension is possible, but if it is ethical.
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Learn more about Space Vision and SEDS: spacevision.seds.org

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Credits: Is Life Extension Ethical?
Episode 417; October 19, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editor:
David McFarlane

Graphics by:
Jeremy Jozwik

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant"

Chapters
00:00 Intro
02:32 Not Natural
12:18 Immortality Is Wrong
14:16 It Would Get Boring
15:57 Overpopulation
19:50 Unequal Access
23:52 Upward Mobility
27:58 Slows Technological Progress
29:59 Slows Cultural Change
31:22 Erodes Traditional Relationships
32:29 Ends Children
34:55 Makes You Inhuman
37:38 Gradual Life Extension
40:13 Summary
42:04 Dark Stars
43:33 SEDS
44:36 Schedule
46:00 Credits

Earth's temperature is thought to have changed greatly in the past, and even more extreme than in the Ice Ages. We believe once the entire planet may have been frozen over, a Snowball earth.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

The industrial revolution saw the rise of factories so big they often grew entire towns or cities around them to operate, but in the future entire planets might be used to fuel the titanic projects for conquering the stars themselves.
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To learn more about the NSS spUN Debates and how to participate, visit:  https://space.nss.org/spun-debates/

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Credits: Forgeworlds & Industrial Planets
Episode 416a; October 15, 2023

Written by:
Briana Brownell
Isaac Arthur

Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editors:
Briana Brownell
Brian Ganley
Lukas Konecny

Graphics by:
Jarred Eagley
Jeremy Jozwik
Ken York
Legiontech Studios
Rapid Thrash
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Markus Junnikkala, "Hail The Victorious Dead"
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Ultra Deep Field"
Sergey Cheremisinov, "Labyrinth", "Forgotten Stars"

Learn more about the game and see it in action at upperstory.com/spintronics
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Spacecraft may one day be so common that everyone has flown on one, with thousands of new spaceships being built every year in manufactories dwarfing the enormous facilities we build planes and sea-going vessels in.

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Credits: Spaceship Factories
Episode 416a; October 15, 2023
Written, Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editor:
Briana Brownell
David McFarlane

Graphics by:
Aryeh Yakov Katz
Gateway Foundation
Jeremy Jozwik
Katie Byrne
Phil Swan
Sergio Botero
Udo Schroeter

Music Courtesy of
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant", "Cosmic Sunrise"
Miguel Johnson, "So Many Stars", "Strange New World"

Chapters
0:00 Intro
04:17 Port George
08:14 The Scrapyard
14:35 Nanotech Self-Replicator
17:47 Clanking Self-Replicator
21:17 Ship Mitosis
24:40 Multiverse Piracy

A McKendree Cylinder is a continent-class space habitat design larger than a country that might house billions or an entire continent's ecosystem

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Graphics: Udo Schroeter
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

LFBOTs, or Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients, are strange new phenomena of massive and short lived explosions outshining even supernova.

Produced, Written & Narrated by: Isaac Arthur
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator

We often wonder where we might find a truly sustainable and abundant source of energy, and the answer might turn out to be in the emptiness all around us.
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More on Infinite Energy https://infiniteenergy.org

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Credits: Zero Point Energy & Vacuum Energy
Episode 415, October 5, 2023
Written by:
Isaac Arthur
Vlad Ardelean

Produced & Narrated by:
Isaac Arthur

Editor:
David McFarlane
Vlad Ardelean

Graphics by:
Jeremy Jozwik

Music Courtesy of:
Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Stellardrone, "Red Giant" "The Divine Cosmos"