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NORAD
Founded 12 May 1958
Countries
United States of America & Canada
Type Binational Command
Role The North American Aerospace Defense Command conducts aerospace warning aerospace control and maritime warning in the defense of North America.
Cheyenne Mountain Complex
January 20, 1965
The complex was built under 2,000 feet (610 m) of granite on 2 hectares (5 acres). Fifteen three-story buildings are protected from movement, e.g. earthquake or explosion, by a system of giant springs that the buildings sit on and flexible pipe connectors to limit the operational effect of movement.A total of more than 1,000 springs are designed to prevent any of the 15 buildings from shifting more than 1 inch (25 mm). The complex is the only high-altitude Department of Defense facility certified to be able to sustain an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). There is a large quantity of cots for most of the personnel, including suites for high-ranking officers within the bunker. Amenities include a medical facility, store, cafeteria, and fitness centers inside and outside the mountain.
The bunker is built to deflect a 30 megaton nuclear explosion as close as 2 kilometers (1.2 mi). Within a mountain tunnel are sets of 25-ton blast doors and another for the civil engineering department. Should a nuclear blast hit the building, they are designed to withstand a blast wave. There is a network of blast valves with unique filters to capture airborne chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear contaminants
The complex has its own power plant, heating and cooling system, and water supply and it is the job of the #21st-Mission-Support-Group to ensure that there is a 99.999% degree of reliability of its electricity, water, air conditioning, power, and other support systems.The threats, in descending order of likelihood, that the complex may face are "medical emergencies, natural disasters, civil disorder, a conventional attack, an electromagnetic pulse attack, a cyber or information attack, chemical or biological or radiological attack, an improvised nuclear attack, a limited nuclear attack, [and] a general nuclear attack.The least likely events are the most hazardous.
There is more water produced by mountain springs than the base needs, and a 1.5 million US gallons (5,700 m3) reservoir ensures that even in event of fire, there is enough water to meet the facility's needs. A reservoir of 4.5 million US gallons (17,000 m3) of water is used as a heat sink. There is a "massive" reservoir for diesel fuel and a "huge" battery bank with redundant power generators.
#Electronic-Systems-Division-Detachment-10 at Ent AFB became the Cheyenne Mountain Complex Management Office (CMCMO) in 1963, the year the Chidlaw Combined Operations Center began operations; and on February 15, 1980, ESD Detachment 2 was established at the "Cheyenne Mountain Complex" (Det 2 became the AFSC focal point during the Cheyenne Mountain Upgrade.)
Aerospace Defense Command organizations in the bunker became a specified command when the major command ended in 1980; e.g., the J31 unit of HQ NORAD/ADCOM subsequently manned the #Space-Surveillance-Center in the same room as the Missile Warning Center (separated by partitions). The "HQ Cheyenne Mountain Support Group ... was activated at the Cheyenne Mountain Complex" in October 1981 to support the Aerospace Defense Center's operation of the NORAD combat operations center". In 1983 the #Foreign-Technology-Division had an operating location at the bunker and in 1992, an airman of the "1010th Civil Engineering Squadron at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Base" developed a 3-D AutoCAD model of the bunker "to zoom in on a specific room".
By 1995 a "missile operations section" supported the missile warning center, and in 2001 the 1989 1CACS at the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station was renamed the #1st-Space-Control-Squadron . On June 24, 1994, when the "Joint Task Force – Cheyenne Mountain Operations organization was brought online to take responsibility for the installation", Brig. Gen. Donald Peterson was the commander of the JTF, which was renamed the "U.S. Space Command Cheyenne Mountain operations center" by March 1995 (the unit had an exercise branch in June 1996). On July 28, 2006, the Cheyenne Mountain Realignment redesignated the Cheyenne Mountain Directorate to the #Cheyenne-Mountain-Division . Circa 2004 the bunker included the 17th Test Squadron's Detachment 2 and AFTAC's research laboratory, in 2008 Detachment 1 of the 392d Training Squadron operated the #Cheyenne-Mountain-Training-System (CMTS), and in 2011 the installation's #721st-SFS was expanded.
Digital Pirate, YouTube
