notes with timestamps:
0:01 Le Pen gave this speech on the 19th of October, three days after the beheading of French school teacher Samuel Paty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Samuel_Paty
0:02 junior high school: Paty was a teacher at a French "collège" which is similar to a junior high school or middle school (ages 11-15).
0:10 Islamism: this is a vague ambiguous term that can mean different things in different contexts.
It is sometimes used as a synonym for "political Islam" (political movements who base their positions on Islamic teachings) or Islamic fundamentalism (radical extremists).
It always involves some attempt to introduce Sharia law and Muslim principles, sometimes just for the Muslim population, sometimes for the entire population
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism
0:53 Jean Zay: French Minister for Education 1936-39
2:55 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Article X "No one may be disquieted for his opinions, even religious ones, provided that their manifestation does not trouble the public order established by the law."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen#Articles
4:11 obscurantism has a specific philosophical meaning https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscurantism but when politicians like Le Pen use it, it effectively means the opposite of "enlightenment".
It is used to criticise movements like Islamism, saying that they want to keep truth and reality "obscured", rather than embracing science, progress and the enlightenment.
In this context it has a similar meaning to "backwards" or "medieval" or "keep us in the dark ages" etc.
4:45 prone to wars of religion: this is a reference to the French Wars of Religion (Catholic v Protestant, 1562-98) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion
4:56 Conflans-Sainte-Honorine: the suburb of Paris where Mr. Paty was murdered.
6:01 headscarf affair in Creil: Creil is a town north of Paris. In 1989 three female students were expelled for refusing to remove their headscarves. This was the first major "Islam vs secularism" controversy in France.
6:08 Khelkal and Mehra:
Khaled Kelkal was a terrorist affiliated to the GIA (Algerian Islamists, who were at the time engaged in a civil war against the Algerian government), Khelkal was involved in the 1995 Paris subway bombings https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Kelkal
Mohammed Merah shot several people (French soldiers, and children and teachers at a Jewish school) in 2012 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Merah
6:14 Reublican pact: a vague term that basically means the core values of the Republic, that everyone is supposed to accept, including secularism.
6:33 Boualem Sansal: Algerian writer (who writes in French) known primarily for his criticism of Islamism (Sansal is an Algerian who lives in Algeria, he does not live in France) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boualem_Sansal
7:16 the murder of a priest: 2016 murder of Fr. Jacques Hamel (who had his throat slit) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack
7:17 the murder of a business owner: Hervé Cornara, who was strangled and decapitated by one of his employees in 2015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack
7:50 with its own places to shelter it: this sounds clumsy and ambiguous in French too. Le Pen literally says "with its places to shelter it" It is not clear what "its" refers to. The "with" does not refer back to "provide".
7:53 recent protests by illegal immigrants: protests by the "Black Vest" movement n Paris, they are protesting the conditions they live and work in, and want to be regularised and granted the right to live and work in France
7:57 promise of mass amnesty: I think this is a reference to the EU's proposed "New Pact on Migration and Asylum"
8:13 "They shall not pass!": Macron used these exact words, made famous by General Nivelle during the Battle of Verdun in WW1
8:26 proselytising: converting
8:44 the President opened a debate on separatism: Macron gave a major speech on combating Islamism on October 2nd.
Separatism here means Muslims increasingly separating from the rest of French society (see note for communitarianism at 11:56 below)
10:56 attack on the police prefecture in Paris: this occurred on 3rd October 2019, four people and the attacker died https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_police_headquarters_stabbing
10:57 drama in Conflans: the beheading of Samuel Paty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Samuel_Paty
11:55 religious prohibitions: calling for stuff to be banned for religious reasons (ie. because they violate Islamic law)
I will post the rest of the notes in the comment section below.
source video: https://www.facebook.com/MarineLePen/videos/665662067710087/
date of this speech: 19.10.20
