Cover picture is a photograph I took before this upload of the, Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. ISBN 1-56027-309-7. Page 3-11 talks about the Earth's magnetic field and the compass. Any pilot who is not aware of this information should not have their pilot's license, period.
https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Aeronautical-Knowledge-Aviation-Administration/dp/B09K1HJRBX
Page 3-10:
"Magnetic Compass
Since the magnetic compass works on the principle of magnetism, it is well for the pilot to have at least a basic understanding of magnetism. A simple bar magnet has two centers of magnetism which are called poles. Lines of magnetic force flow out from each pole in all directions, eventually bending around and returning to the other pole. The area through which these lines of force flow is called the field of the magnet. For the purpose of this discussion, the poles are designated "north" and "south". If two bar magnets are placed near each other, the north pole of one will attract the south pole of the other. There is evidence that there is a magnetic field surrounding the Earth, and this theory is applied in the design of the magnetic compass. It acts very much as though there were a huge bar magnet running along the axis of the Earth which ends several hundred miles before the surface." [Figure 3-12 seen in the cover pic].
The lines of force have a vertical component (or pull) which is zero at the Equator but builds to 100 percent of the total force at the poles. If magnetic needles, such as the airplane magnetic compass bars, are held along these lines of force, the vertical component causes one end of the needle to dip or deflect downward. The amount of dip increases as the needles are moved closer and closer to the poles. It is this deflection or dip which causes some of the larger compass errors.
The magnetic compass, which is the only direction-seeking instrument in the airplane, is simple in construction. It contains two steel magnetized needles fastened to a float around which is mounted a compass card. The needles are parallel, with their north-seeking ends pointed in the same direction, The compass card has letters for the cardinal headings, and each 30th interval is represented by a number, the last zero of which is omitted. For example, 30 degrees would appear as a 3 and 300 degrees would appear as 30. Between these numbers, the card is graduated for each 5 degrees.
The float assembly is housed in a bowl fitted with acid-free white kerosene. The purposes of the liquid are to dampen out excessive oscillations of the compass card and relieve by buoyancy part of the weight of the float from the bearings. Jewel bearings are used to mount the float assembly on top of a pedestal. A line (called the lubber line) is mounted behind the glass of the instrument that can be used for a reference line when aligning the headings on the compass card.
Compass Errors
Variation
Although the magnetic field of the Earth lies roughly north and south, the Earth's magnetic poles do not coincide with its geographic poles, which are used in the construction of aeronautical charts. Consequently, at most places on the Earth's surface, the direction-sensitive steel needles which seek the Earth's magnetic field will not point to True North but to Magnetic North. Furthermore, local magnetic fields from the mineral deposits and other conditions may distort the Earth's magnetic field and cause an additional error in the position of the compass' north-seeking magnetized needles with reference to True North. The angular difference between True North and the direction indicated by the magnetic compass - excluding deviation error - is variation. Variation is different for different points on the Earth's surface and is shown on the aeronautical charts as broken lines connecting points of equal variation. These lines are isogonic lines. The line where the magnetic variation is zero is an agonic lines. Variation will be discussed further in Chapter 8, Navigation."
Follow up:
USAF CLASSIFIED BLACK BUDGET AIRCRAFT - SECRET SPACE PROGRAM MICHAEL SCHRATT - FEB 2017:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/CAMMdMNn0sER/
MARK MCCANDLISH INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL, ZERO POINT ENERGY 2014 HD:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/P3bOBLSzq19s/
ZERO POINT - THE STORY OF MARK MCCANDLISH AND THE FLUXLINER 2015 ADVANCED PROPULSION LIGHT SPEED:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/v6RzTeplSDib/
BEN RICH LOCKHEED MARTIN SKUNK WORKS CEO ADMITS EXTRATERRESTRIAL UFOS ARE REAL:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/bulgYS2HWVyf/
BOB LAZAR DOCUMENTARY AREA 51 S4 ADVANCED PROPULSION ET'S EXTRAORDINARY BELIEFS FILMS 2020:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/FUB9SQXOktkt/
JOHN LEAR TALKS ABOUT BOB LAZAR AND AREA 51:
https://www.bitchute.com/video/qtpbPpEkobJm/
Related:
https://www.academia.edu/25422646/Secret_Black_Projects_of_the_New_World_Order
https://ufologie.patrickgross.org/htm/b2.htm
