Why Portugal is Not Part of Spain

In this video, we discuss why Portugal is not part of Spain. I was wondering why Portugal is a separate country from Spain, while Catalonia is not. Cultural distinctiveness and language differences are often not enough to ensure that any people group gets their own country, so I assumed that there must be some events or a series of events which led to Portugal being an independent sovereign unit. I focused on events that I thought to be culturally and historically significant to this end, and the video ended up being somewhat like an overview of Portugues history (though it is by no means exhaustive or comprehensive). There is not just one event or circumstance which caused Portugal to be independent. Like so many things, it is the end result of a chain of events.

Sources:
“A Dictionary of the Roman Empire,” by Matthew Bunson

https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iberian

https://ancient-civilization.com/levant/carthage-history-of-the-phoenicians-in-north-africa.html

https://www.worldhistory.org/Phoenician_Colonization/

https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/Phoenicians

https://kids.kiddle.co/Decimus_Junius_Brutus_Callaicus

https://www.worldhistory.org/Viriathus/

https://www.tota.world/article/1166/

https://www.liquisearch.com/history_of_portugal/etymology

https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSuevi.htm

https://alchetron.com/Pelagius-of-Asturias#:~:text=Pelagius%20%28Spanish%3A%20Pelayo%2C%20Asturian%3A%20Pelayu%3B%20c.%20685%20%E2%80%93,reconquest%20of%20the%20Iberian%20peninsula%20from%20the%20Moors.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pelayo-king-of-Asturias

https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal/History#ref233815

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Almoravids

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Afonso-I-king-of-Portugal

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Afonso-III

https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/restoration-portuguese-war-1640-16..