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1610 Zürich 1750 Wolf 1848 International 1947 relative 2015 individual GSM Sunspot group Number

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First published at 07:57 UTC on January 19th, 2019.

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"the" sunspot count is actually an average of observations by multiple people in multiple locations weighted by observatory factor or personal reduction coefficient as a scaling factor assigned to each observer to compensate for different equipment, weather , researcher unavailability, differing ability to resolve small sunspots, & subjective division of groups of sunspots

this was retro applied to The OLD Zürich Wolf International relative sunspot number individual sunspots AND groups of sunspots
,, rather than sunspot groups or individual sunspots alone

the WOLF Number established 1848 from sunspot groups AND individual sunspots was then retro conned to 1750, the year organized sunspot counts had really started

the WOLF sunspot number WAS the only direct record of the evolution of the solar cycle over multiple centuries

1947 , sunspot counting methods then weighted them according to their size so previous counts were scaled lower to compensate for this introduced bias BUT an apparent upward solar activity trend from the 18th century & late 20th century helped identify a major calibration error in Group Sunspot Numbers ,, so

the 2015 Sunspot Number Version 2 Group Sunspot Number method was established , ONLY using the number of sunspot groups observed so that modern counts are then closer to their raw values now that most scaling has been dropped from the revised series

thank you Oleg Petelin for doing the drudgery & work in 2005! that i did not have to do in 2019!

https://imgur.com/a/nUfSRKy

http://odec.ca/projects/2005/pete5o0/public_html/pages/Results.html
http://vukcevic.co.uk/
http://smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/100-years-of-earthquakes-on-one-gorgeous-map-192727/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_number
http://astronomynow.com/2015/08/08/corrected-sunspot-history-suggests-climate-change-not-due-to-natural-solar-trends/
http://odec.ca/projects/2005/pete5o0/public_html/pages/References.html
http://infoplease.com/ipa/A000143..

LESS