National Anthem of Syria (سوريا) - “Ḥumāt ad-Diyār” (حماة الديار)

The national anthem of Syria was adopted in 1936; the composer of the music also composed many other Arab folk songs of the Middle East region. During the time that Syria was a member of the United Arab Republic (1958-1961), the UAR anthem was in use, which consisted of the then-Egyptian anthem followed by “Ḥumāt ad-Diyār”. Once Syria left the union, the anthem was again performed on its own.

During the Syrian Civil War that started in 2011, both sides of the conflict (the pro- and anti-government forces), despite using different national flags and emblems, each use “Ḥumāt” as the national anthem. This is possibly due to the fact that the anthem, unlike the flag, predates the current government. (The Kurdish elements in the civil war presumably use the Kurdish anthem, and the terrorist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, another faction in the civil war, also have their own anthem, albeit unofficial.)

(description c/o nationalanthems.info)